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Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with brucellosis, and to provide a practical basis and experience for clinical diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect clinical data of children with brucellosis diagnosed at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from May 2015 to October 2017, and their epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and clinical diagnosis and treatment were summarized.Results:A total of 24 children were included, including 14 males and 10 females, with an average age of 6 years (1 year 2 months to 12 years old). Except February, onset throughout the year, higher incidence was from May to July (14 cases, 58.33%). The exposure history of the children was mainly exposure to cattle and sheep and consumption of beef and mutton (18 cases, 75.00%). The main clinical manifestations were fever in 24 cases (100.00%), bone and joint pain in 14 cases (58.33%), hepatomegaly in 9 cases (37.50%), splenomegaly in 7 cases (29.17%). Tube agglutination test (SAT) was positive in 21 cases (87.50%), weakly positive in 1 case (4.17%) and negative in 2 cases (8.33%). Brucella was detected in all 24 cases by microbial culture, and in 18 cases (75.00%) by blood culture. Eighteen cases (75.00%) had liver dysfunction. Thirteen cases were misdiagnosed, and the misdiagnosis rate was as high as 54.17%. Twenty-two cases had been cured after treatment, 2 cases relapsed and recovered after continued treatment. Conclusions:Children with brucellosis have diverse epidemiology and clinical features, and are easily misdiagnosed. For children with fever, bone and joint pain and exposure history, pediatricians should be alert to the possibility of brucellosis, conduct microbiological and serological tests, in order to timely, accurate and standardized diagnosis and treatment of children with brucellosis.
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Zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesized by gel-sol method and employed as the transdermal aloesin (Alo) carriers. ZnO QDs were surface-functionalized with amino using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Alo was covalently bonded on the surface of ZnO QDs via N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole to obtain Alo NPs, which were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). TEM images showed that ZnO QDs were analogously sphere and monodisperse with a reasonably narrow size distribution, of which was around 4 nm. The size of Alo NPs increased to around 8 nm due to the surface modification. The intense bands at around 3 400 cm and 1 200 cm in the FTIR spectrum of Alo NPs from the vibration of -OH indicated the linkage of Alo on the surface of ZnO QDs. The results of TGA analysis showed that the mass ratio of ZnO QDs and Alo were 39.27% and 35.14%, respectively. The penetration of Alo NPs was much higher than raw Alo according to the passive penetration experiments with Franz-type diffusion cells instrument using full-thickness cavy skin, which manifested the improvement of the penetration for Alo delivered by ZnO QDs. The pH-controlled drug release behavior was investigated. At pH 7.4, only a small amount of Alo (1.45% ± 0.21%) had been released after 2 h. In contrast, as incubation at pH 5.0 of which pH was similar to endosomal environment, Alo was released very fast (87.63% ± 0.46% in 2 h) from Alo NPs, confirming that Alo NPs could response to the pH and realize the intracellular drug release. The inhibitory effect of Alo NPs on tyrosinase was in a dose dependent manner. When the concentration of Alo NPs was 12.5 μg/mL, the inhibition rate was up to 40.32% ± 1.57%. All the results show that the Alo NPs hold a great potential in transdermal tyrosinase inhibition.
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Animals , Administration, Cutaneous , Chromones , Drug Delivery Systems , Glucosides , Guinea Pigs , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Metabolism , Nanoparticles , Quantum Dots , Zinc OxideABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prokaryotic expression and immunoreactivity of BspE,a type Ⅳ secretion protein of Brucella,and the effect of recombinant protein BspE on cytokines.Methods According to the BspE gene of Brucella M5-90 published in GenBank,the gene fragments were synthesized by a company and then ligated into PUC57 vector for sequencing.The sequenced gene was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28α and transformed.Induced expression was performed in E.coli DE3 competent cells.The obtained target protein was purified by a Ni-NTA affinity column,and its reactogenicity was analyzed by Western blotting.Mouse RAW264.7 cells were treated with 25 g/L BspE recombinant protein for 12,24,48 h,and the control group was treated with the same amount of BSA instead of BspE,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect interleukin (IL)-1β level.Results The recombinant expresed plasmid of pET-28α-BspE was successfully obtained.The results of Western blotting showed a single band with a relative molecular mass of about 30.1 × 103,and the recombinant protein BspE had good reactogenicity,and IL-1β levels (ng/L)were significantly elevated by the recombinant protein BspE (12 h:43.27 ± 2.13 vs 30.24 ± 1.66,24 h:57.78 ± 3.44 vs 41.22 ± 1.22,48 h:72.52 ± 3.04 vs 46.77 ± 2.75,t =8.38,7.86,10.89,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BspE recombinant protein has better immunoreactivity and can increase the expression level of IL-1β in mouse macrophages.This study provides a scientific basis for the role of effector proteins in the pathogenesis of Brucella.
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Objective To renovate angiography in identifying portal vein anatomy during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures,saving the time of TIPS procedures,decreasing the risk of the complications of the post-procedure.MethodsThe difference between the Wedge hepatic venography with Carbon Dioxide in 6 cases and Inferior Mesenteric artery angiography in 7 cases during TIPS procedures were compared in the identification of portal vein anatomy.The quality of images,their effects on the procedures,the complications and the recovery post-procedure were evaluated.Results Using CO2,the portal veins were opacified in all 6 cases.TIPS procedures succeeded in all cases except 1 case because of poor coagulation function.Using Inferior Mesenteric artery angiography,the portal veins were opacified in al1 7 cases.TIPS procedure succeeded in all cases except 1 case because of chronic portal occlusion.Puncture-site hematoma occurred in 1 case after TIPS procedure.ConclusionWedge hepatic venography with Carbon Dioxide is superior,safer and more convenient than Inferior Mesenteric Artery angiography in identifying portal vein anatomy during TIPS.